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-->Copies a string. These versions of strcpy, wcscpy, _mbscpy have security enhancements, as described in Security Features in the CRT.
Important
_mbscpy_s and _mbscpy_s_l cannot be used in applications that execute in the Windows Runtime. For more information, see CRT functions not supported in Universal Windows Platform apps.
Syntax
Parameters
dest
Location of the destination string buffer.
dest_size
Size of the destination string buffer in char units for narrow and multi-byte functions, and wchar_t units for wide functions. This value must be greater than zero and not greater than RSIZE_MAX.
src
Null-terminated source string buffer.
locale
Locale to use.
Return Value
Zero if successful; otherwise, an error.
Error Conditions
dest | dest_size | src | Return value | Contents of dest |
---|---|---|---|---|
NULL | any | any | EINVAL | not modified |
any | any | NULL | EINVAL | dest[0] set to 0 |
any | 0, or too small | any | ERANGE | dest[0] set to 0 |
Remarks
The strcpy_s function copies the contents in the address of src, including the terminating null character, to the location that's specified by dest. The destination string must be large enough to hold the source string and its terminating null character. The behavior of strcpy_s is undefined if the source and destination strings overlap.
wcscpy_s is the wide-character version of strcpy_s, and _mbscpy_s is the multibyte-character version. The arguments of wcscpy_s are wide-character strings; those of _mbscpy_s and _mbscpy_s_l are multibyte-character strings. These functions behave identically otherwise. _mbscpy_s_l is identical to _mbscpy_s except that it uses the locale parameter passed in instead of the current locale. For more information, see Locale.
If dest or src is a null pointer, or if the destination string size dest_size is too small, the invalid parameter handler is invoked, as described in Parameter Validation. If execution is allowed to continue, these functions return EINVAL and set errno to EINVAL when dest or src is a null pointer, and they return ERANGE and set errno to ERANGE when the destination string is too small.
Upon successful execution, the destination string is always null-terminated.
In C++, use of these functions is simplified by template overloads that can infer buffer length automatically so that you don't have to specify a size argument, and they can automatically replace older, less-secure functions with their newer, more secure counterparts. For more information, see Secure Template Overloads.
The debug library versions of these functions first fill the buffer with 0xFE. To disable this behavior, use _CrtSetDebugFillThreshold.
Generic-Text Routine Mappings
TCHAR.H routine | _UNICODE & _MBCS not defined | _MBCS defined | _UNICODE defined |
---|---|---|---|
_tcscpy_s | strcpy_s | _mbscpy_s | wcscpy_s |
S W N Frame Serial Number Lookup
Requirements
Routine | Required header |
---|---|
strcpy_s | <string.h> |
wcscpy_s | <string.h> or <wchar.h> |
_mbscpy_s | <mbstring.h> |
These functions are Microsoft-specific. For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility.
Example
Unlike production quality code, this sample calls the secure string functions without checking for errors:
When building C++ code, the template versions may be easier to use.
See also
S&w N Frame Revolvers
String Manipulation
strcat, wcscat, _mbscat, _mbscat_l
strcmp, wcscmp, _mbscmp, _mbscmp_l
strncat_s, _strncat_s_l, wcsncat_s, _wcsncat_s_l, _mbsncat_s, _mbsncat_s_l
strncmp, wcsncmp, _mbsncmp, _mbsncmp_l
strncpy_s, _strncpy_s_l, wcsncpy_s, _wcsncpy_s_l, _mbsncpy_s, _mbsncpy_s_l
_strnicmp, _wcsnicmp, _mbsnicmp, _strnicmp_l, _wcsnicmp_l, _mbsnicmp_l
strrchr, wcsrchr, _mbsrchr, _mbsrchr_l
strspn, wcsspn, _mbsspn, _mbsspn_l
Paradigm | multi-paradigm: imperative, object oriented |
---|---|
Developer | Rick Becker, Allan Wilks, John Chambers |
First appeared | 1976; 43 years ago |
Typing discipline | dynamic, strong |
License | depends on implementation |
Website | ect.bell-labs.com/sl/S/ |
Major implementations | |
R, S-PLUS | |
Influenced by | |
C, APL, PPL, Fortran |
Smith & Wesson Serial Numbers By Year
S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories. The aim of the language, as expressed by John Chambers, is 'to turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully'.[1]
The modern implementation of S is R, a part of the GNU free software project. S-PLUS, a commercial product, was formerly sold by TIBCO Software.[citation needed]
- 1History
History[edit]
'Old S'[edit]
S is one of several statistical computing languages that were designed at Bell Laboratories, and first took form between 1975–1976.[2] Up to that time, much of the statistical computing was done by directly calling Fortran subroutines; however, S was designed to offer an alternate and more interactive approach. Early design decisions that hold even today include interactive graphics devices (printers and character terminals at the time), and providing easily accessible documentation for the functions.
The first working version of S was built in 1976, and operated on the GCOS operating system. At this time, S was unnamed, and suggestions included Interactive SCS (ISCS), Statistical Computing System, and Statistical Analysis System (which was already taken: see SAS System). The name 'S' (used with single quotation marks, until 1979) was chosen, as it has the common letter used in statistical computing, and is consistent with other programming languages designed from the same institution at the time (namely the C programming language).
When UNIX/32V was ported to the (then new) 32-bit DECVAX, computing on the Unix platform became feasible for S. In late 1979, S was ported from GCOS to UNIX, which would become the new primary platform.
In 1980 the first version of S was distributed outside Bell Laboratories and in 1981 source versions were made available.[2] In 1984 two books were published by the research team at Bell Laboratories: S: An Interactive Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics[3] (1984 Brown Book) and Extending the S System.[4] Also, in 1984 the source code for S became licensed through AT&T Software Sales for education and commercial purposes.
'New S'[edit]
By 1988, many changes were made to S and the syntax of the language. The New S Language[5] (1988 Blue Book) was published to introduce the new features, such as the transition from macros to functions and how functions can be passed to other functions (such as apply
). Many other changes to the S language were to extend the concept of 'objects', and to make the syntax more consistent (and strict). However, many users found the transition to New S difficult, since their macros needed to be rewritten. Many other changes to S took hold, such as the use of X11 and PostScript graphics devices, rewriting many internal functions from Fortran to C, and the use of double precision (only) arithmetic. The New S language is very similar to that used in modern versions of S-PLUS and R.
In 1991, Statistical Models in S[6] (1991 White Book) was published, which introduced the use of formula-notation[7] (which use the '~' operator), data frame objects, and modifications to the use of object methods and classes.
S4[edit]
Latest version of S standard is S4, released in 1998.[8] It provides advanced object-oriented features. S4 classes differ markedly from S3 classes.
S&w N Frame Serial Numbers
References[edit]
- ^Chambers, John M (1998). Programming with Data: A Guide to the S Language. Springer. ISBN978-0-387-98503-9.
- ^ abBecker, Richard A., A Brief History of S(PS), Murray Hill, New Jersey: AT&T Bell Laboratories, retrieved 2015-07-23
- ^Becker, R.A.; Chambers, J.M. (1984). S: An Interactive Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics. Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. ISBN0-534-03313-X.
- ^Becker, R.A.; Chambers, J.M. (1985). Extending the S System. Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. ISBN0-534-05016-6.
- ^Becker, R.A.; Chambers, J.M.; Wilks, A.R. (1988). The New S Language: A Programming Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics. Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. ISBN0-534-09192-X.
- ^Chambers, J.M.; Hastie, T.J. (1991). Statistical Models in S. Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. p. 624. ISBN0-412-05291-1.
- ^Wilkinsons, G.N.; Rogers, C.E. (1973). 'Symbolic description of factorial models for analysis of variance'. Applied Statistics. 22 (3): 392–399. doi:10.2307/2346786. JSTOR2346786.
- ^[1]
External links[edit]
S&w N Frame Mainspring
- Evolution of the S Language, by John M. Chambers, discusses the new features in Version 4 of S (in PostScript format)
- Stages in the Evolution of S, by John M. Chambers